Gurgen Khanjyan’s novelistic prose, emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, not only marks a period of artistic ascent in Armenian fiction, but also shapes new perceptions of worldview and poetics. The following novels being the evidence to it: No News 2006, Enoch’s Eye 2012, and, especially, Give Me Your Hand, Little One 2017, which toher constitute integral parts of a thematic and artistic whole. It is precisely within this thematic and worldview-based unity that the literary-historical significance of Khanjyan’s novels, as well as the novelty of their worldview and poetics, are examined.The literary value of Gurgen Khanjyan’s novel, analytically and considered in its entirety, becomes a subject of examination for the first time —which is an innovation in our literary studies in its own right.

KeywordsGurgen Khanjyan Armenian prose criticism early 21st century worldview poetics inner world.

The present article is devoted to the analysis of the novel Tess of the d’Urbervilles by the English writer Thomas Hardy, examined from the perspective of the interrelation between naturalistic poetics and gender issues. The aim of the study is to reveal how the principles of the naturalistic representation of reality determinism, the influence of environment, and the role of chance shape the depiction of gender relations and contribute to the formation of the novel’s artistic system. The article argues that the character of Tess functions not only as a bearer of individual tragedy but also as an expression of the critique of gender inequality and the double moral standards of Victorian society. At the same time, the role of the social and natural environment is analysed as an active factor shaping the heroine’s fate. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that in Tess of the d’Urbervilles gender issues become one of the key instruments of the author’s social critique, while naturalistic poetics serves as its artistic foundation.

Keywords Gender issues naturalistic poetics determinism Victorian society double moral standards stereotype individual destiny.

The article examines the symbolic system of Zahrat’s poetry, focusing on the symbolic functions of everyday objects, natural phenomena, animals, spatial images, and literary-cultural references. The analysis demonstrates that in Zahrat’s poetic world, earth, water, wall, house, mirror, sphere, light, sky, animals, and everyday objects transcend their literal meanings and become symbols conveying psychological, existential, national, and social meanings.Particular attention is paid to the principle of “small form–great meaning” characteristic of Zahrat’s poetic thinking, whereby short and seemingly simple texts acquire a high degree of semantic density. The article also explores the themes of identity, self-alienation, memory, life and death, national belonging, and social inequality.A significant place in the study is given to intertextuality. Zahrat’s creative dialogue with Mesrop Mashtots, Komitas, Petros Duryan, Hakob Paronyan, Paruyr Sevak, Hamo Sahyan, Sayat-Nova, and other authors is considered as a means of reinterpreting the literary tradition and ensuring its continuity in a contemporary context. As a result, Zahrat’s poetry is presented as a distinctive artistic system that moves from everyday reality toward philosophical, national, and universal human generalizations.

KeywordsZahrat Western Armenian poetry symbol symbolic system poetic imagery poetics intertextuality identity self-knowledge self-alienation earth water wall house mirror light symbolism of animals material world humor satire humanism national memory existential issues literary tradition intermediality.